Clay – The Problem
The presence of clay is viewed by pavement designers as a risk to be mitigated. Pavements constructed on expansive clay sub-grades, universally suffer from clay soil heave (which is the expansion of clays due to the ingress of water). Commonly, pavement designers address this risk with a range of techniques such as lime or cement stabilisation, the use of membranes to prevent moisture migration within the sub-grade, and additional drainage.
Clay – The Solution
TERRA-3000® transforms clay into a high-performing asset. Instead of remove and replace, many clay soils can be treated insitu. TERRA-3000® permanently and irreversibly breaks down the capillary action of water within the cohesive fines during treatment. Also, with appropriate compaction, treated soil particles can more closely associate.
Clay – The Result
The resultant treated layer is no longer prone to the problems associated with the ingress of water. Pavement strength is markedly improved. TERRA-3000® is not a binder or binding agent, meaning that pavement layers which are treated with TERRA-3000® are considered unbound and retain the advantage of flexibility at strength over bound pavements.
The use of TERRA-3000® for stabilisation of cohesive soils can deliver equivalent pavement performance whilst substantially reducing pavement thickness by the creation of a base-grade layer made from in-situ materials. This leads to significant reductions in material removal and replacement compared to a standard pavement design.
Using TERRA-3000® reduces carbon emissions compared to typical pavement design and construction. Lower site carbon emissions result from greater use of in-situ materials, reduced use of imported construction materials (e.g. gravels), less transport movements and the simplified construction methodology. For a given project, manufacture and delivery of TERRA-3000® has a very low carbon footprint, with further sustainability benefits in that it is non-leaching, leaves no residue, is lime and cement free, and has no airborne particulates, meaning it is safe for operators to use and suitable for sensitive environments.
TERRA-3000® is an amine compound soil stabiliser (electro-physical) that is applied as a liquid concentrate diluted with water during treatment. A proportion of clay and silt fines are required for TERRA-3000® to function and soils with a wide range of clay contents can successfully be treated.
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Road prior to Terra 3000 application Clay Soil Stabilisation
Grader Rip (Before) – Terra 3000 Clay Soil Stabilisation
Extremely Difficult Workability – Terra 3000 Clay Soil Stabilisation
Terra 3000 Clay Soil Stabilisation – application with soil stabiliser
Terra 3000 Clay Soil Stabilisation – stabiliser application
Water cart applying Terra 3000 Clay Soil Stabilisation
Grader mixing – Terra 3000 Clay Soil Stabilisation
Rolling – Terra 3000 Clay Soil Stabilisation
Compaction – Terra 3000 Clay Soil Stabilisation
Final Rolling – Terra 3000 Clay Soil Stabilisation
Terra 3000 (After)
Terra 3000 (After)
Heavy patching (before) – Terra 3000 Clay Soil Stabilisation
Heavy patching ripping – Terra 3000 Clay Soil Stabilisation
Heavy patching (after) – Terra 3000 Clay Soil Stabilisation
TERRA-3000® requires the presence of clay and silt fines to improve the mechanical and hydraulic performance of soil. It is suitable and safe to use in environmentally sensitive areas such as rivers and lakes. It doesn’t leach and leaves no reside.
